新西蘭海關(guān)簡介
時間(TIME)：2021-07-13 15:37:27
發(fā)布時間：2016-09-27 22:18 文章來源：海關(guān)總署
歷史
新西蘭海關(guān)是新西蘭最古老的政府部門，成立于1840年1月5日，第一任海關(guān)行政長官同時被任命。
多年來，新西蘭海關(guān)征收的關(guān)稅和其它稅款是政府財政收入的一個主要來源。
海關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)對出入境人員及貨物進(jìn)行監(jiān)管，并對酒和煙草等某些特殊商品的生產(chǎn)和流通進(jìn)行管理。
自成立起，新西蘭海關(guān)的主要職責(zé)基本沒有發(fā)生變化，但其工作重心一直在改變。從最初的以稅收征管為重心，到20世紀(jì)80-90年代的以國際貿(mào)易便利化為重心。而今，海關(guān)最重要的工作職責(zé)是保護(hù)新西蘭的邊境安全。9·11事件之后，新西蘭海關(guān)的監(jiān)管重點(diǎn)從以往的進(jìn)口（轉(zhuǎn)口）貨物和人員擴(kuò)展到包括出口貨物。
此外，新西蘭海關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)對企圖入境的禁限物品進(jìn)行查緝，包括淫穢物品、毒品、槍支和有害物質(zhì)等（如危險廢物和破壞臭氧層物質(zhì)）。
職責(zé)范圍
海關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)防范由國際貿(mào)易和人員往來帶來的潛在風(fēng)險，同時促進(jìn)人員和貨物的合法跨境流動。新西蘭海關(guān)在毛利語中被稱為“Te Mana Arai o Aotearoa”, 意思是保護(hù)新西蘭安全的當(dāng)局。新西蘭海關(guān)主要履行以下職責(zé)：
·查緝違禁品（例如毒品）；
·對旅客及其行李、貨物和郵件進(jìn)行查驗(yàn)；
·對進(jìn)口貨物估價并征收關(guān)稅、消費(fèi)稅和商品服務(wù)稅；
·打擊非法貿(mào)易以保護(hù)新西蘭企業(yè)；
·對進(jìn)出口貨物執(zhí)行禁限物品管制措施；
·收集精確的進(jìn)出口數(shù)據(jù)。
作為新西蘭國門的守護(hù)者，新西蘭海關(guān)利用情報和風(fēng)險評估等手段對集裝箱、船舶（飛行器）和旅客進(jìn)行有針對性的檢查，同時也開展調(diào)查、審計等工作，懲處違法犯罪行為。新西蘭海關(guān)與其他邊境管理部門保持緊密的合作關(guān)系，如農(nóng)林業(yè)檢疫部門和移民局等。
人員及機(jī)構(gòu)
新西蘭海關(guān)在新西蘭的主要國際機(jī)場及港口共有約1300名工作人員。在哈密爾頓、昆士頓和蒂馬魯?shù)鹊卦O(shè)有15個海關(guān)對外辦公場所。在比利時布魯塞爾、中國北京、泰國曼谷、美國華盛頓和澳大利亞堪培拉等地設(shè)有海關(guān)派駐機(jī)構(gòu)。
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)成員
海關(guān)部長：
莫里斯·威廉姆森先生，1987年起當(dāng)選帕加朗卡選區(qū)議員。
海關(guān)署長：
馬丁·鄧恩先生 , 2004年9月獲任命。
新西蘭海關(guān)（英語）http://www.customs.govt.nz
History
New Zealand customs is the oldest government department in New Zealand. It was founded on January 5, 1840. The first chief executive of Customs was appointed at the same time.
For many years, New Zealand customs duties and other taxes have been a major source of government revenue.
The customs is responsible for supervising the entry-exit personnel and goods, and managing the production and circulation of some special commodities such as wine and tobacco.
Since its establishment, the main responsibilities of New Zealand customs have not changed, but its focus of work has been changing. From the initial focus on tax collection and management to the focus on international trade facilitation in the 1980s-1990s. Today, the most important duty of the customs is to protect New Zealand's border security. After the September 11 incident, the New Zealand customs supervision focus has expanded from the previous import (re export) goods and personnel to include export goods.
In addition, New Zealand customs is responsible for the detection of prohibited and restricted articles that attempt to enter the country, including obscene articles, drugs, guns and harmful substances (such as hazardous waste and ozone depleting substances).
Terms of reference
Customs is responsible for preventing the potential risks caused by international trade and personnel exchanges, and promoting the legal cross-border flow of people and goods. New Zealand customs is called "Te mana Arai o Aotearoa" in Maori, which means the authority to protect the security of New Zealand. New Zealand customs mainly performs the following duties:
·Seizure of contraband (e.g. drugs);
·Check passengers and their luggage, goods and mail;
·Evaluate and collect tariff, consumption tax and goods and services tax on imported goods;
·Combating illegal trade to protect New Zealand enterprises;
·Implement control measures on prohibited and restricted articles for import and export goods;
·Collect accurate import and export data.
As the guardian of New Zealand, New Zealand customs carries out targeted inspection on containers, ships (aircraft) and passengers by means of intelligence and risk assessment, and also carries out investigation, audit and other work to punish crimes. New Zealand customs maintains close cooperation with other border administrations, such as agriculture and forestry quarantine and immigration.
Personnel and institutions
New Zealand customs has about 1300 staff at New Zealand's major international airports and ports. There are 15 customs offices in Hamilton, Queenston and timalu. There are customs offices in Brussels, Belgium, Beijing, China, Bangkok, Thailand, Washington, USA and Canberra, Australia.
Leading members
Minister of Customs:
Mr. Morris Williamson has been elected to the constituency of pagalanca since 1987.
Director of Customs:
Mr. Martin Dunn was appointed in September 2004.
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