中國(guó)海關(guān)實(shí)施AEO制度情況簡(jiǎn)介
Introduction to the Implementation of AEO System by Chinese Customs時(shí)間(TIME)：2021-08-02 15:14:10
海關(guān)總署 2013年9月12日
2005年6月，在世界海關(guān)組織第105/106屆理事會(huì)年會(huì)上，通過(guò)了《全球貿(mào)易安全與便利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架》）。中國(guó)海關(guān)積極響應(yīng)世界海關(guān)組織的倡議，在會(huì)上簽署了實(shí)施《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架》的意向書。在隨后的3年多時(shí)間里，中國(guó)海關(guān)積極進(jìn)行AEO（“經(jīng)認(rèn)證的經(jīng)營(yíng)者”）制度的研究和實(shí)踐，初步建立起中國(guó)海關(guān)的AEO制度。
一、轉(zhuǎn)化AEO制度為國(guó)內(nèi)立法并實(shí)施。
1.將AEO制度轉(zhuǎn)化為國(guó)內(nèi)立法。2008年4月1日施行的《中華人民共和國(guó)海關(guān)企業(yè)分類管理辦法》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱《分類辦法》）和相關(guān)配套公告（《企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況報(bào)告》），將AEO制度關(guān)于守法、安全和海關(guān)與商界的合作伙伴關(guān)系等實(shí)體要求及貿(mào)易便利措施、認(rèn)證程序納入其中，具體轉(zhuǎn)化了AEO制度為國(guó)內(nèi)制度?！斗诸愞k法》將進(jìn)出口收發(fā)貨人和報(bào)關(guān)企業(yè)分成AA、A、B、C、D五個(gè)類別，其中AA類企業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和條件與WCO的AEO相關(guān)要求一致，是中國(guó)海關(guān)的AEO企業(yè)。《企業(yè)分類管理辦法》及配套法規(guī)的施行，標(biāo)志著中國(guó)海關(guān)AEO制度已進(jìn)入正式實(shí)施階段。截止2009年5月份，全國(guó)共審批AA類企業(yè)1150家。
2．組織了海關(guān)內(nèi)部和對(duì)企業(yè)的宣傳、培訓(xùn)，廣泛介紹AEO制度和《分類辦法》，提高AEO制度的認(rèn)知度。在海關(guān)內(nèi)部，總署先后舉辦了AEO專題培訓(xùn)班、《分類辦法》培訓(xùn)班和驗(yàn)證稽查培訓(xùn)班，在海關(guān)內(nèi)部對(duì)對(duì)全國(guó)海關(guān)稽查系統(tǒng)的業(yè)務(wù)骨干進(jìn)行了培訓(xùn)，效果明顯。在海關(guān)外部，采取由各關(guān)召開企業(yè)座談會(huì)，利用報(bào)紙、電視、電臺(tái)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等載體廣泛宣傳和介紹《分類辦法》和AEO制度，使AEO制度深入人心。
3．開展對(duì)AEO企業(yè)的驗(yàn)證稽查實(shí)踐。從2007年11月起，中國(guó)海關(guān)就開始了驗(yàn)證稽查的試點(diǎn)工作，在《分類辦法》實(shí)施之后，更是在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)開展了對(duì)申請(qǐng)AA類企業(yè)的驗(yàn)證稽查工作，按照WCO《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架》的有關(guān)AEO制度原則具體驗(yàn)證申請(qǐng)企業(yè)的貿(mào)易安全情況。為了規(guī)范AA類企業(yè)的驗(yàn)證稽查做法，2008年4月30日制定出臺(tái)了《海關(guān)驗(yàn)證稽查暫行辦法》，明確了對(duì)AA類企業(yè)的驗(yàn)證稽查的原則、程序、方法和內(nèi)容等；2008年12月制定出臺(tái)了《海關(guān)驗(yàn)證稽查作業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》，進(jìn)一步細(xì)化具體作業(yè)內(nèi)容和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等，目前該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正在各海關(guān)驗(yàn)證稽查實(shí)踐中參照使用。驗(yàn)證稽查工作的全方面推廣，是具體實(shí)施AEO制度的最主要的表現(xiàn)。
4．積極參加國(guó)際海關(guān)有關(guān)《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架》的學(xué)習(xí)研討，交流經(jīng)驗(yàn)，切磋做法。派員參加了APEC于2008年3月在廣州、6月份在泰國(guó)舉行的AEO業(yè)務(wù)研討班和會(huì)議，同時(shí)與日本、韓國(guó)、新加坡等國(guó)進(jìn)行了互相了解學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)方AEO制度的雙邊交流活動(dòng)。
5．組織開發(fā)企業(yè)信息綜合管理的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，以全面整合、匯總企業(yè)各方面信息，提高對(duì)企業(yè)認(rèn)證的準(zhǔn)確性和一致性，并將把分類結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)化為通關(guān)參數(shù)，在通關(guān)系統(tǒng)中加以應(yīng)用。該系統(tǒng)將于2009年下半年在全國(guó)海關(guān)投入使用。
二、開展AEO國(guó)際合作項(xiàng)目。
1、開展中歐安全智能貿(mào)易航線計(jì)劃項(xiàng)下的企業(yè)選取和中歐AEO互認(rèn)合作研討。
“中歐安全智能貿(mào)易航線計(jì)劃”(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“安智貿(mào)”)是全球范圍內(nèi)第一個(gè)全面實(shí)施世界海關(guān)組織（WCO）《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架》的國(guó)際合作項(xiàng)目，旨在通過(guò)建立安全便利的智能化國(guó)際貿(mào)易運(yùn)輸鏈，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)物流的全程監(jiān)控，在確保貿(mào)易鏈安全的基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn)貿(mào)易便利。
（1）選取試點(diǎn)參與企業(yè)。在企業(yè)自愿參與的前提下，參照WCO關(guān)于AEO的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，雙方共同選定了10對(duì)企業(yè)參與試點(diǎn)，其中8對(duì)企業(yè)實(shí)際參與了安智貿(mào)運(yùn)作。
（2）開展中歐AEO互認(rèn)合作研討。根據(jù)2007年11月安智貿(mào)指導(dǎo)小組的決定，2008年在“安智貿(mào)”項(xiàng)下召開了三次AEO專家組會(huì)議。
（3）根據(jù)中歐AEO驗(yàn)證稽查互訪計(jì)劃，我方已于2009年3月23日至4月7日完成赴歐考察，歐方赴中方考察工作目前正在進(jìn)行中。
2、實(shí)施了中美C-TPAT聯(lián)合認(rèn)證試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。
2008年3月3日中國(guó)海關(guān)與美國(guó)海關(guān)簽署了《中美聯(lián)合驗(yàn)證試點(diǎn)聲明》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《聲明》)。根據(jù)該《聲明》，中美兩國(guó)海關(guān)在2008年進(jìn)行了兩次聯(lián)合驗(yàn)證試點(diǎn)。雙方共對(duì)18家試點(diǎn)企業(yè)進(jìn)行了實(shí)地驗(yàn)證，其中14家企業(yè)通過(guò)了驗(yàn)證。雙方將在總結(jié)兩次試點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)驗(yàn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和驗(yàn)證方式進(jìn)行探討，以便開展正式的合作。
In June 2005, at the 105th / 106th annual meeting of the Council of the world customs organization, the standard framework for Global trade security and facilitation (hereinafter referred to as the standard framework) was adopted. China Customs responded positively to the initiative of the World Customs Organization and signed a letter of intent to implement the standard framework at the meeting. In the following three years, China customs actively studied and practiced the AEO ("certified operator") system, and initially established the AEO system of China Customs.
一、Transform AEO system into domestic legislation and implement it.
1. Translate the AEO system into domestic legislation. The measures of the customs of the people's Republic of China for the classified management of enterprises (hereinafter referred to as the "classification measures") and the relevant supporting announcement (enterprise business status report) implemented on April 1, 2008 incorporate the substantive requirements of the AEO system on law-abiding, security and the partnership between the customs and the business community, as well as trade facilitation measures and certification procedures, Specifically transformed the AEO system into a domestic system《 The classification measures divides import and export consignees and customs declaration enterprises into five categories: AA, a, B, C and D. among them, the standards and conditions of AA enterprises are consistent with the relevant requirements of WCO's AEO and are the AEO enterprises of China Customs《 The implementation of the enterprise classification management measures and supporting laws and regulations indicates that China's customs AEO system has entered the formal implementation stage. As of May 2009, 1150 AA enterprises have been approved nationwide.
2. Organized publicity and training within the customs and for enterprises, widely introduced the AEO system and the classification method, and improved the awareness of the AEO system. Within the customs, the General Administration has successively held AEO special training courses, classification measures training courses and verification inspection training courses, and trained the business backbone of the national customs inspection system within the customs, with obvious results. Outside the customs, various customs offices hold enterprise symposiums to widely publicize and introduce the classification measures and AEO system by using newspapers, television, radio, Internet and other carriers, so as to make the AEO system deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
3. Carry out verification and inspection practice for AEO enterprises. Since November 2007, China Customs has started the pilot work of verification and inspection. After the implementation of the classification measures, it has carried out verification and inspection of AA enterprises nationwide to verify the trade security of the applicant enterprises in accordance with the relevant AEO system principles of the WCO standard framework. In order to standardize the verification and inspection practices of AA enterprises, the Interim Measures for customs verification and inspection were formulated and issued on April 30, 2008, which defined the principles, procedures, methods and contents of verification and inspection of AA enterprises; In December 2008, the operation standard for customs verification and inspection was formulated and issued to further refine the specific operation contents and standards. At present, the standard is being used for reference in the practice of Customs verification and inspection. The promotion of verification audit in all aspects is the most important manifestation of the specific implementation of AEO system.
4. Actively participate in the study and discussion of international customs on the standard framework, exchange experience and exchange practices. Sent personnel to attend the AEO business seminars and conferences held by APEC in Guangzhou in March 2008 and Thailand in June 2008. At the same time, they carried out bilateral exchange activities with Japan, South Korea, Singapore and other countries to learn from each other's AEO system.
5. Organize the development of a computer system for comprehensive enterprise information management to comprehensively integrate and summarize all aspects of enterprise information, improve the accuracy and consistency of enterprise certification, and convert the classification results into customs clearance parameters for application in the customs clearance system. The system will be put into use in the national customs in the second half of 2009.
二、 Carry out AEO international cooperation projects.
1. Carry out discussion on enterprise selection and China EU AEO mutual recognition cooperation under the China EU safe and intelligent trade route plan.
The China EU safe and intelligent trade route plan (hereinafter referred to as "safe and intelligent trade") is the first international cooperation project in the world to fully implement the World Customs Organization (WCO) standard framework. It aims to realize the whole process monitoring of logistics and trade facilitation on the basis of ensuring the safety of the trade chain by establishing a safe and convenient intelligent international trade transportation chain.
(1) Select pilot participating enterprises. On the premise of voluntary participation of enterprises and referring to WCO's standards on AEO, the two sides jointly selected 10 pairs of enterprises to participate in the pilot, of which 8 pairs of enterprises actually participated in the operation of Anzhi trade.
(2) Carry out a seminar on China EU AEO mutual recognition and cooperation. According to the decision of the Anzhi trade steering group in November 2007, three AEO expert group meetings were held under "Anzhi trade" in 2008.
(3) According to the China EU AEO verification inspection and mutual visit plan, we have completed our investigation in Europe from March 23 to April 7, 2009, and the European investigation in China is currently in progress.
2. The Sino US C-TPAT joint certification pilot project was implemented.
On March 3, 2008, China Customs and the US Customs signed the Sino US joint verification pilot statement (hereinafter referred to as the statement). According to the statement, the customs of China and the United States conducted two pilot joint verification in 2008. The two sides conducted field verification on 18 pilot enterprises, of which 14 passed the verification. On the basis of summarizing the experience of the two pilot projects, the two sides will discuss the verification standards and verification methods in order to carry out formal cooperation.
