憑文字說明的品質(zhì)表示
Quality expression by text description時(shí)間(TIME)：2020-05-15 22:59:59
品質(zhì)是商品買賣最重要的因素。合同中的品質(zhì)約定，是買賣雙交接貨物的依據(jù)。通常用兩種方式表示商品的品質(zhì)。
1.用文字說明表示品質(zhì)。這種方式稱為"憑文字說明銷售"。 具體可分為以下幾種 ：
規(guī)格（Specification）。合同中規(guī)定商品的品質(zhì)指標(biāo)，如化學(xué)成份、長(zhǎng)短粗細(xì)、含量等。這是最廣為采用的既方便又準(zhǔn)確的一種表示品質(zhì)的方法。
等級(jí)（Grade）。為買賣雙方都熟悉的商品，在某些情況下可采用憑等級(jí)買賣：一是按商品的不同規(guī)格，分成不同的等級(jí)，既簡(jiǎn)化了品質(zhì)表示，又易于比較優(yōu)劣；二是有些商品不能用規(guī)格描述，或不能完整地用規(guī)格描述，特別是一些土特產(chǎn)品，比如茶葉、水果等，可用雙方都認(rèn)可的等級(jí)來表示品質(zhì)。
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（Standard）。商品的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是指標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化了的規(guī)格和等級(jí)。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有的由國(guó)家或有關(guān)政府部門制訂也有的是由商品交易所、同業(yè)工會(huì)或有關(guān)國(guó)際組織制訂。公布了的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)經(jīng)常需要修改變動(dòng)。所以，當(dāng)采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)說明商品品質(zhì)時(shí)，應(yīng)注明采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的版本和年份。
商標(biāo)和牌名（Trade Mark and Brand）。某些商品在市場(chǎng)上行銷已久，品質(zhì)優(yōu)良穩(wěn)定，知名度高，且品種單一，則往往可以其商標(biāo)和牌名表示其品質(zhì)。如可口可樂、大白兔奶糖。應(yīng)注意許多著名品牌由于其產(chǎn)品品種多樣性和復(fù)雜性，是不可能單憑商標(biāo)品牌成交的、比如IBM、SONY等。它們的產(chǎn)品，必須具有完整確切的品質(zhì)指標(biāo)或技術(shù)說明。
產(chǎn)地名稱（Name of Orogin）。此類描述局限于土特產(chǎn)品，如蘇繡、四川榨菜，用以表示產(chǎn)品的傳統(tǒng)工藝或特色風(fēng)味。
說明書和圖樣（Description and Illustrations）。對(duì)于結(jié)構(gòu)性能復(fù)雜的商品，通常以說明書和圖樣加以完整的描述，以此作為買賣雙方認(rèn)定的品質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
憑說明書和圖樣成交的合同，往在附有品質(zhì)保證條款和技術(shù)服務(wù)條款。
Quality is the most important factor in commodity trading. The quality agreement in the contract is the basis for the purchase and sale of double delivery goods. There are usually two ways to express the quality of goods.
1. Indicate quality with text. This is called "selling by word". It can be divided into the following types:
Specification. The contract specifies the quality indicators of the goods, such as chemical composition, length, thickness, content, etc. This is the most widely used both convenient and accurate way to express quality.
Grade. For the goods that are familiar to both the buyer and the seller, in some cases, they can be bought and sold by grades: first, they can be divided into different grades according to different specifications of the goods, which not only simplifies the quality representation, but also makes it easy to compare the advantages and disadvantages; second, some goods can not be described by specifications, or can not be completely described by specifications, especially some local products, such as tea, fruit, etc., which can be recognized by both parties Grade represents quality.
Standard. Commodity standards refer to standardized specifications and grades. Some standards are formulated by the state or relevant government departments or by commodity exchanges, trade unions or relevant international organizations. Published standards often need to be revised. Therefore, when the standard is used to describe the quality of goods, the version and year of the standard shall be indicated.
Trade mark and brand. Some commodities have been sold in the market for a long time, with good and stable quality, high popularity and single variety, so their trademark and brand name often indicate their quality. Such as Coca Cola, white rabbit milk candy. It should be noted that many famous brands, due to the variety and complexity of their products, can not be traded by brand alone, such as IBM, Sony, etc. Their products must have complete and exact quality indicators or technical specifications.
Name of origin. Such descriptions are limited to local products, such as Suzhou embroidery and Sichuan pickle, to express the traditional technology or characteristic flavor of the products.
Description and illustrations. For the products with complex structure and performance, the specification and drawings are usually used to give a complete description, which is regarded as the quality standard recognized by the buyer and the seller.
The contract concluded with the specification and drawing shall be attached with the quality assurance terms and technical service terms.
