日本海關(guān)簡介
時(shí)間(TIME)：2021-07-09 15:18:22
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2016-09-27 17:41 文章來源：海關(guān)總署
日本海關(guān)總部為“日本海關(guān)及關(guān)稅局”，隸屬于財(cái)政部。海關(guān)法（CUSTOMS LAW）、海關(guān)關(guān)稅法（CUSTOMS TARIFF LAW）及臨時(shí)關(guān)稅法（TEMPORARY TARIFF LAW）是日本海關(guān)關(guān)稅政策與行政管理的基本法律條文。
日本海關(guān)及關(guān)稅局設(shè)1名局長，兩名副局長。下設(shè)六個(gè)處（協(xié)調(diào)處、人教處、關(guān)政政策與法律處、執(zhí)法處、海關(guān)通關(guān)處以及事后稽查、調(diào)查與情報(bào)處）、四個(gè)辦公室（信息管理辦公室、地方海關(guān)監(jiān)察辦公室、海關(guān)管理研究辦公室、經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系辦公室）和兩名顧問（國際組織顧問、國際事務(wù)與研究顧問）。各處處長、各辦公室主任和兩名顧問分管與海關(guān)行政管理和關(guān)稅政策有關(guān)的所有事務(wù)。截至2008財(cái)年，海關(guān)及關(guān)稅局共有176名人員（此處系指總部人員）。
海關(guān)及關(guān)稅局有三大職能：
1. 征收進(jìn)口關(guān)稅、消費(fèi)稅和進(jìn)口貨物應(yīng)納的其他國內(nèi)稅（每年征稅約5萬億日元，占日本年度稅收的10%）；
2. 對貨物流動(dòng)進(jìn)行監(jiān)管，防止有害物品走私進(jìn)入日本（如麻醉品、火器和其他違禁品）；
3. 促進(jìn)貿(mào)易便利，協(xié)調(diào)國際貿(mào)易手續(xù)，促進(jìn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和人民生活水平的提高。
海關(guān)及關(guān)稅局的主要職責(zé)為：
1. 對關(guān)稅、噸位稅、特別噸位稅以及其它海關(guān)管理事項(xiàng)進(jìn)行調(diào)研、規(guī)劃（包括與外國談簽關(guān)稅協(xié)定）；
2. 決定并征收關(guān)稅、噸位稅、特別噸位稅和國際貨物消費(fèi)稅；
3. 依照海關(guān)法及其它有關(guān)法律條文對進(jìn)出口貨物、船只、飛行器及旅客進(jìn)行監(jiān)管控制；
4. 保稅區(qū)監(jiān)管；
5. 向報(bào)關(guān)行和報(bào)關(guān)員發(fā)放報(bào)關(guān)許可,并對其進(jìn)行監(jiān)督管理；
6. 對日本自動(dòng)化貨物報(bào)關(guān)系統(tǒng)中心進(jìn)行管理；
7. 編制海關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)；
8. 對海關(guān)關(guān)員進(jìn)行教育培訓(xùn)；
9. 為“海關(guān)、關(guān)稅、外匯與其它交易理事會(huì)”提供支持。日本通過關(guān)區(qū)海關(guān)管理各地區(qū)海關(guān)務(wù)，關(guān)區(qū)海關(guān)受海關(guān)關(guān)稅局直接監(jiān)管控制。
日本全國劃分為東京、橫濱、神戶、大阪、名古屋、門司、長崎、函館、沖繩九個(gè)關(guān)區(qū)（AREA），總?cè)藬?shù)8620人（截至2008財(cái)年）。各關(guān)區(qū)總部為總關(guān)（CUSTOMS HOUSE），下轄若干分關(guān)（BRANCH OFFICE）及防衛(wèi)站（GUARD POST）?？偛块L官將大部分職權(quán)授予分關(guān)主管處理地區(qū)事務(wù)。除沖繩關(guān)區(qū)外，各總關(guān)下設(shè)四個(gè)處，即協(xié)調(diào)處、執(zhí)法處、通關(guān)處、事后稽查、調(diào)查與情報(bào)處。截至2008年7月，全國有68個(gè)分關(guān)，117個(gè)支關(guān)（SUB-BRANCH）以及9個(gè)防衛(wèi)站。
日本海關(guān)（英語）
http://www.customs.go.jp/english/index.htm
日本海關(guān)（日語）
http://www.customs.go.jp/index.htm
The headquarters of Japan Customs is "Japan Customs and tariff bureau", which is subordinate to the Ministry of finance. Customs Law, customs tariff law and temporary tariff law are the basic legal provisions of Japanese customs tariff policy and administration.
The customs and customs bureau of Japan has one director and two deputy directors. It has six divisions (Coordination Division, people's education division, customs policy and law division, law enforcement division, customs clearance division and post inspection, investigation and Intelligence Division), four offices (Information Management Office, local customs supervision office, customs management research office and economic partnership Office) and two consultants (International Organization Consultant, international affairs and research consultant). The heads of departments, directors of offices and two consultants are responsible for all matters related to customs administration and customs policy. As of fiscal year 2008, there were 176 officers in the customs and Excise Department (here referred to as headquarters officers).
The customs and Excise Bureau has three functions:
1. Collect import tariff, consumption tax and other domestic taxes on imported goods (about 5 trillion yen per year, accounting for 10% of Japan's annual tax revenue);
2. Supervise the flow of goods to prevent the smuggling of harmful substances (such as narcotics, firearms and other contraband) into Japan;
3. Promote trade facilitation, coordinate international trade procedures, and promote world economic growth and the improvement of people's living standards.
The main responsibilities of the customs and Excise bureau are as follows:
1. Investigation and planning of customs duties, tonnage taxes, special tonnage taxes and other customs administration matters (including negotiation and signing of tariff agreements with foreign countries);
2. To decide and levy customs duties, tonnage taxes, special tonnage taxes and international excise taxes on goods;
3. Supervise and control the import and export of goods, vessels, aircraft and passengers in accordance with the Customs Law and other relevant laws and regulations;
4. Supervision of bonded area;
5. Issue customs clearance license to customs broker and customs broker, and supervise and manage them;
6. Manage the automated cargo declaration system center of Japan;
7. Compilation of customs statistics;
8. Education and training for customs officers;
9. Support the customs, customs, foreign exchange and other transactions Council. Japan manages the customs affairs of various regions through the customs of the customs area, which is under the direct supervision and control of the Customs Bureau.
Japan is divided into nine areas (Tokyo, Yokohama, Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya, MENSI, Nagasaki, Hakodate and Okinawa) with a total number of 8620 people (up to fiscal year 2008). The headquarters of each customs district is the general customs house, under which there are several branch offices and guard posts. The head of the headquarters delegated most of the functions and powers to the sub customs officers to handle regional affairs. In addition to the Okinawa customs area, each general customs area has four divisions, namely, Coordination Division, law enforcement division, customs clearance division, post inspection division, investigation and Intelligence Division. As of July 2008, there were 68 sub customs, 117 sub-branch and 9 defense stations in China.
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